Лабораторная работа №1 по дисциплине «Сети ЭВМ и средства телекоммуникации» Утилиты tcp/ip алексашенков Д. В. Группа с-65

Лабораторная работа №1

по дисциплине «Сети ЭВМ и средства телекоммуникации»
Утилиты TCP/IP

Выполнил: Алексашенков Д.В.

Группа С-65

Москва 2008

Цель работы: практически освоить работу с утилитами TCP/IP, необходимыми в следующих работах.
Задания на лабораторную работу

1. 
   Изучите методические указания к лабораторной работе.
   
2. 
   Выполните упражнения.
   
3. 
   Оформите отчет по лабораторной работе, описав выполнение упражнений и дав краткие ответы на контрольные вопросы.
   

Упражнение 1.

ipconfig [/? | /all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] |

/flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns |

/showclassid adapter |

/setclassid adapter [classid] ]
where

adapter Connection name

(wildcard characters * and ? allowed, see examples)
Options:

/? Display this help message

/all Display full configuration information.

/release Release the IP address for the specified adapter.

/renew Renew the IP address for the specified adapter.

/flushdns Purges the DNS Resolver cache.

/registerdns Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names

/displaydns Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache.

/showclassid Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter.

/setclassid Modifies the dhcp class id.

default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP.

leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed.

> ipconfig ... Show information.

> ipconfig /all ... Show detailed information

> ipconfig /renew ... renew all adapters

> ipconfig /renew EL* ... renew any connection that has its

name starting with EL

> ipconfig /release *Con* ... release all matching connections,

eg. "Local Area Connection 1" or

"Local Area Connection 2"
C:\Documents and Settings\lol>ping /?
Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]

[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]

[-w timeout] target_name
Options:

-t Ping the specified host until stopped.

To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;

To stop - type Control-C.

-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.

-n count Number of echo requests to send.

-l size Send buffer size.

-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.

-i TTL Time To Live.

-v TOS Type Of Service.

-r count Record route for count hops.

-s count Timestamp for count hops.

-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.

-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.

-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

C:\Documents and Settings\lol>tracert /?

-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.

-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.

-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.

-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
D:\Documents and Settings\lol>hostname /?

sethostname: Use the Network Control Panel Applet to set hostname.

hostname -s is not supported.

Упражнение 2. Получение имени хоста

rofl

Упражнение3. Изучение утилиты ipconfig

Имя хоста	rofl
IP-адрес	10.48.17.18
Маска подсети	255.255.255.0
Основной шлюз	10.48.16.1
Используется ли DHCP (адрес DHCP-сервера)	No
Описание адаптера	Realtek RTL8168/8111 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC
Физический адрес сетевого адаптера	00-1A-4D-99-7E-31
Адрес DNS-сервера	10.151.10.10

Упражнение 4. Тестирование связи с помощью утилиты ping

1. 
   Проверьте правильность установки и конфигурирования TCP/IP на локальном компьютере.
   

C:\Documents and Settings\lol>ping localhost

Pinging rofl [127.0.0.1] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

2. 
   Проверьте, правильно ли добавлен в сеть локальный компьютер и не дублируется ли IP-адрес.
   

Reply from 10.48.17.18: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Reply from 10.48.17.18: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Reply from 10.48.17.18: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

3. 
   Проверьте функционирование шлюза по умолчанию, послав 5 эхо-пакетов длиной 64 байта.
   

Reply from 10.48.16.1: bytes=64 time=1ms TTL=255

Reply from 10.48.16.1: bytes=64 time=1ms TTL=255

Reply from 10.48.16.1: bytes=64 time=1ms TTL=255

Reply from 10.48.16.1: bytes=64 time=1ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 10.48.16.1:

Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 4ms, Average = 1ms

4. 
   Проверьте возможность установления соединения с удаленным хостом.
   

Reply from 80.250.162.181: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=57

Reply from 80.250.162.181: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=57

Reply from 80.250.162.181: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=57

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 2ms

5. 
   С помощью команды ping проверьте перечисленные ниже адреса и для каждого из них отметьте время отклика. Попробуйте увеличить время отклика. Определите IP-адреса узлов.
   

• 
  ya.ru – 1 ms
  
• 
  google.com – 139 ms
  
• 
  yahoo.kr – 218 ms
  

C:\Documents and Settings\lol>ping ya.ru

Reply from 213.180.204.8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=60

Reply from 213.180.204.8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=60

Reply from 213.180.204.8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=60

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

Reply from 64.233.187.99: bytes=32 time=139ms TTL=241

Reply from 64.233.187.99: bytes=32 time=139ms TTL=241

Reply from 64.233.187.99: bytes=32 time=139ms TTL=241

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 139ms, Maximum = 140ms, Average = 139ms

C:\Documents and Settings\lol>ping yahoo.kr
Pinging yahoo.kr [66.94.234.13] with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Reply from 66.94.234.13: bytes=32 time=218ms TTL=48

Request timed out.

Request timed out.

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 1, Lost = 3 (75% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 218ms, Maximum = 218ms, Average = 218ms

Упражнение 5. Определение пути IP-пакета

C:\Documents and Settings\lol>tracert yandex.ru

over a maximum of 30 hops:

2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 87.249.21.4

3 1 ms 2 ms 3 ms 87.249.21.1

4 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms butlerova7-rt1.tel.ru [87.249.12.73]

5 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms ix2-m9.yandex.net [193.232.244.93]

6 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms eliano-vlan119.yandex.net [87.250.233.59]

7 3 ms 2 ms 2 ms hummer-vlan2.yandex.net [87.250.228.136]

8 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms yandex.ru [213.180.204.11]

over a maximum of 30 hops:

2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 87.249.21.4

3 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 87.249.21.1

4 1 ms 1 ms <1 ms butlerova7-rt1.tel.ru [87.249.12.73]

5 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms kaluga-car1-ge0-1-103.rt-comm.ru [213.59.3.177]
6 60 ms 67 ms 60 ms lnd-bgw2-ge1-0-3-0.rt-comm.ru [217.106.6.166]

7 59 ms 70 ms 71 ms linx.ge1-0.cr01.lhr01.mzima.net [195.66.225.15]

9 137 ms 138 ms 143 ms xe1-0.cr01.lga01.mzima.net [216.193.255.213]

10 165 ms 161 ms 162 ms eos3-2.cr01.ord01.mzima.net [216.193.255.54]

11 * * 217 ms eos1-22.cr02.sjc02.mzima.net [216.193.255.154]

12 205 ms 211 ms 205 ms ge1-mozilla.cust.sjc02.mzima.net [72.37.156.166]
13 205 ms 207 ms 212 ms v9.core2.sj.mozilla.com [63.245.208.58]

14 205 ms 210 ms 213 ms moz.com01.nslb.sj.mozilla.com [63.245.209.10]

Упражнение 6: Просмотр ARP-кэша

C:\Documents and Settings\lol>arp -a

Internet Address Physical Address Type

10.48.16.1 00-0f-3d-e3-11-0a dynamic

Упражнение 7. Получение информации о текущих сетевых соединениях и протоколах стека TCP/IP.

TCP rofl:epmap rofl:0 LISTENING

TCP rofl:microsoft-ds rofl:0 LISTENING

TCP rofl:803 rofl:0 LISTENING

TCP rofl:pptp rofl:0 LISTENING

TCP rofl:1709 10.50.0.7:pptp ESTABLISHED

TCP rofl:1456 localhost:1457 ESTABLISHED

TCP rofl:1457 localhost:1456 ESTABLISHED

TCP rofl:1458 localhost:1459 ESTABLISHED

TCP rofl:1459 localhost:1458 ESTABLISHED

TCP rofl:1715 irc.gamepad.ca:6667 ESTABLISHED

UDP rofl:microsoft-ds *:*

UDP rofl:isakmp *:*

UDP rofl:1025 *:*

UDP rofl:1063 *:*

UDP rofl:1178 *:*

UDP rofl:1179 *:*

UDP rofl:1180 *:*

UDP rofl:1181 *:*

UDP rofl:1182 *:*

UDP rofl:1183 *:*

UDP rofl:4500 *:*

UDP rofl:ntp *:*

UDP rofl:1900 *:*

UDP rofl:ntp *:*

UDP rofl:1900 *:*

UDP rofl:ntp *:*

UDP rofl:1900 *:*

Received Header Errors = 13

Received Address Errors = 1314

Datagrams Forwarded = 0

Unknown Protocols Received = 0

Received Packets Discarded = 16

Received Packets Delivered = 394348

Output Requests = 206650

Routing Discards = 0

Discarded Output Packets = 0

Output Packet No Route = 0

Reassembly Required = 0

Reassembly Successful = 0

Reassembly Failures = 0

Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 0

Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0

Fragments Created = 0
ICMPv4 Statistics
Received Sent

Messages 435 395

Errors 0 0

Destination Unreachable 134 6

Time Exceeded 228 0

Parameter Problems 0 0

Source Quenches 0 0

Redirects 0 0

Echos 12 377

Echo Replies 61 12

Timestamps 0 0

Timestamp Replies 0 0

Address Masks 0 0

Address Mask Replies 0 0

Passive Opens = 35

Failed Connection Attempts = 44

Reset Connections = 26

Current Connections = 6

Segments Received = 314370

Segments Sent = 172187

Segments Retransmitted = 99

No Ports = 22330